Procedure for Rearing broiler and layer poultry birds In Africa

Written by Robert Oni


PROJECT PLANNING

Before starting a project, four important criteria should be considered: - Capital - Farm - Management - Marketing These four important criteria should come together in order to achieve success and alsorepparttar farmer's attitude towardsrepparttar 136244 project. If one ofrepparttar 136245 criteria is not met, most probably will end up with failure. CAPITAL Before starting a project, capital needed are as follows: Fixed Cost - Barn included building fees (Area for 1 bird – 1 Square foot) - Water tank (together with pvc join) - Heater (1 small hoover = 500 day old chick) - Water drinkers for chick (4 units = 100 birds) - Feed troughs for chick (long trough: 3 units = 100 birds) - Automatic drinkers (2 units = 100 birds) - Feed troughs – hanging (2 units = 100 birds) - Store for keeping apparatus and feed - Other expenditures (unexpected) Current Cost - Day old chicks - Poultry feed – starter, developer (in layers) and finisher - Electricity/diesel/water - Vaccine and medicine - Building depreciation (5 years) - Apparatus depreciation (3 years) - Bank loan interest - Other expenditures (unexpected)

FARM Choosing Of Area - Sufficient area of land - Good irrigation - Preferable higher land so thatrepparttar 136246 air ventilation is good - Far from human activities, have good road connection, electricity supply, and clean water supply and free from chicken enemies for e.g. wild animals - Do not mix with other kinds of poultry such as duck and village chicken - Far form housing estates - Near torepparttar 136247 market place Housing Design and System The barn should haverepparttar 136248 following criteria: - Good air ventilation to dry uprepparttar 136249 moisture and minimize ammonia gas fromrepparttar 136250 feaces. - The size ofrepparttar 136251 barn should be suitable withrepparttar 136252 number of chicken reared. Do not build barn that is too small or too bid because it is not profitable. The suitable size is 1 square foot per bird. For e.g. 5000 birds need 5000 square feet. Suggested dimension ofrepparttar 136253 barn: 25feet x 200feet (1 barn) or 25feet x 100feet (2 barns) - Location ofrepparttar 136254 barn, East – West direction, in order to avoid fromrepparttar 136255 direct hot sun. Housing System Can be divided into 2: - Raised floor system using cages - Deep litter system

MANAGEMENT Eitherrepparttar 136256 project will succeed or fail will depend onrepparttar 136257 level of competent management. A competent farmer will look into all aspect of management in order to get maximum income with minimum expenditure. These management aspects should be seriously considered: Breed Selection: criteria of quality day old chick - Crive, bright round eyes, strong legs, stand steadily and have dry and soft feather - The size should not be too small and uniformity in size

Gum Arabic production and Export

Written by Robert Oni


GUM ARABIC PROCESSING AND EXPORT

PRODUCTION PROCESS

Take 100kg of grade 2 gum Arabic romove any black one, sticks or stone in it, into 20, pack it in 5kg each. Then pour in 100 litres of water. Boilrepparttar water torepparttar 136243 highest level (Boiling point of 100oc).

Add 5kg ofrepparttar 136244 gum Arabic and continue stearing it for 30-60 minutes and add anther 5kg and stear for another 30-60 minutes.

Continuerepparttar 136245 production process adding 5kg every 30-60 minutes until allrepparttar 136246 Gum Arabic is added.

Do not stop stearing until all you melt allrepparttar 136247 Gum-Arabic. After finishingrepparttar 136248 melting process, allowrepparttar 136249 product to cool.

Filterrepparttar 136250 product with clothe if you are operating a manual production or use a filter machine if you are for mechanize production. Pourrepparttar 136251 filtrate in a plastic drum then allow it to stay inrepparttar 136252 drum for 24 hours (1 day). Refiller it again after 24 hours, make sure that as you are filtringrepparttar 136253 second time allow 20 litres as waste, because you will observed thatrepparttar 136254 down part ofrepparttar 136255 gum is filled with dirt. This dirty part should not be added torepparttar 136256 good once.

Preservation Process

You put 180 litres of well filtered gum intorepparttar 136257 mixer or plastic drum, and add dryer to it, also add preservatives. You can add edible preservative or non-edible preservative depending onrepparttar 136258 product thatrepparttar 136259 gum will be used on.

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