How do these transducers work?

To convert physical movement to electrical signals, some devices make use of variable resistors. Any movement will cause a slider contact to change position against a resistance wire causing a change in electrical current or voltage. Other devices may make use of movement to alter position of an induction coil relative to magnetic core, causing a change in induced current in circuit. Others may make use of movement to change air gap between two capacitance plates, causing a change in current in circuit.

In case of loudspeaker, opposite effect takes place. Electrical signals are converted to movement.

Some pneumatic transducers make use of changing air signals to cause a corresponding mechanical movement in flapper and linkages. This movement is then converted to electrical signals by methods above. So it takes 3 steps of conversion before we can get electrical signal.

Once electrical signal is obtained, it can be used to compare to set value in controller, and a whole control system can be designed from it.

Well folks, get your signals and be in control!

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Micro organism growing in cooling tower water causes a lot of problems. Clumps of algae can cause chokages in pump strainers. Long strands of microscopic plants can act like nets that can cause restrictions to flow of water. Some organisms cause diseases and other health related problems to people. A typical biocide contains Sodium hypochlorite with concentrations ranging from 10 - 20%. Again, this is further diluted when mixed with cooling water.

Even with dosing of chemicals, cooling tower needs to be cleaned every now and then. Dusts from air still manage to settle down inside sump of cooling tower. So does remains of dead micro organisms. These can stick to infills and prevent proper distribution of water flow.

Sometimes cooling tower plastic infills get brittle due to exposure to ultraviolet rays found in sunlight. They often break up into small particles that can choke even coarse filters.

Folks, it's time to clean up!

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