Ethics in Speaking: A Practical Point of View

Written by Stephen D. Boyd


Continued from page 1
Base your conclusions in your presentation on clear evidence. Support your assertions with relevant facts, statistics, and testimony. Keep track of your sources and be ready to produce them if an audience member has a question. Don't make assertions you can't support or justify. Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca write in their book, The New Rhetoric: A Treatise on Argumentation, that whatever support you use should be able to satisfyrepparttar "universal audience"--that group of all reasonable, rational people. In your outline each major point should show a variety of evidence. If that is notrepparttar 104214 case, then eliminaterepparttar 104215 point or, if it fits, placerepparttar 104216 evidence with another point you are making. Choose topics that are consistent with your personal beliefs. Pick topics important to you that you live out on a daily basis. You might be able to craft effective speeches advocating views you do not agree with, but you will be much more effective and ethical if you advocate opinions you actually hold. If you advocate a position which is not something you feel completely comfortable with, this will be communicated to your audience by your delivery style. In choosing material for your presentation, one major criterion is how strongly you feel aboutrepparttar 104217 point or support. This is an excellent way to cut out materials when you have more content than time allotted. Respectrepparttar 104218 time of your audience. Know what time you are expected to finish--and finish at that time. It is an insult to your audience members and an abuse of your opportunity to speak to keep them ten, fifteen, or thirty minutes more than what is expected of you. History gives us a good example ofrepparttar 104219 power of an actual presentation to create credibility. The year was 1952, and Dwight Eisenhower was running for president with Richard Nixon as his vice-presidential candidate. Charges surfaced, however, that Nixon had illegally used some campaign contributions, and Eisenhower considered dropping Nixon fromrepparttar 104220 ticket. In what became known asrepparttar 104221 "Checkers Speech," Nixon defended himself in a 30-minute, nationally televised speech. With his wife Pat sitting inrepparttar 104222 background, he defended his ethics, at one point holding up a piece of paper he claimed wasrepparttar 104223 result of an audit of his books finding him blameless. Nixon did admit, however, that some supporters had given his children a dog. He saidrepparttar 104224 kids had namedrepparttar 104225 dog "Checkers," and no matter what anyone said, he wasn't going to let them take that dog away. He concluded by asking people to telegraph or mail torepparttar 104226 Republican National Committee their opinion of whether or not he should continue to run with Eisenhower. The overwhelmingly positive response assured his place inrepparttar 104227 campaign. Who knows how much of American history forrepparttar 104228 next twenty years was changed because of a little dog and a presentation that convinced people of Richard M. Nixon's credibility. All of these ethical principles can be condensed to one, a "golden rule" of speaking ethics: Treat each audience member as you would like to be treated if you were in your audience.

Stephen D. Boyd, Ph.D., CSP, is a professor of speech communication at Northern Kentucky University in Highland Heights, Kentucky. He is also a trainer who presents communication seminars and workshops to corporations and associations. See additional articles and resources at http://www.sboyd.com. He can be reached at 800-727-6520 or at info@sboyd.com.


Looking to Start a New Business? Consider the Personalized Products Industry

Written by Nancy Wurtzel


Continued from page 1

However, most of these personalized items were considered cheap imported gifts aimed at kids and teenagers. And, if you had an unusual name, you were out of luck because all these novelty products were pre-made atrepparttar factory withrepparttar 104213 most common names ofrepparttar 104214 day.

While there are still many of these low-ticket items available today,repparttar 104215 personalized products industry has grown and evolved overrepparttar 104216 past forty odd years. Probablyrepparttar 104217 biggest change that has movedrepparttar 104218 industry forward has been advances in technology.

Lower costs for machinery means that it’s now possible to have personalization equipment in decentralized locations rather than one central processing plant. Additionally, personalized gifts that once would take weeks to obtain can now be created in a matter of days or even minutes. Consequently, gifts that once had a long ordering lead time, are now almost impulse buys for today’s busy consumer.

Computer-driven technology also has made literally thousands of personalized gift choices in a variety of price ranges available torepparttar 104219 consumer.

BUYING AND SELLING What type of companies sell personalized gifts? Major catalogs, countless ecommerce sites, upscale department stores, specialty boutiques, general dry-goods retail storefronts, drug store chains and thousands of small entrepreneurs.

What types of personalized items are consumers buying? Almost anything can be personalized, sorepparttar 104220 choices are many.

Just pick up a catalog and you will find robes for adults and kids, fine crystal, quilts, keepsake gifts for newborn babies, expensive gifts to mark a graduation, wedding or anniversary, a variety of clothing and even furniture. Visit a local retail store and you will find stationery, jewelry, wall art, T-shirts, mugs and dinnerware, glasses, picture frames and much more.

Why are these gifts so attractive for so many sellers? Any retailer will agree that a personalized gift means a little more effort up-front, but inrepparttar 104221 long run fewer returns. Plus, these products often carry a higher price point -- and therefore profits -- making these gifts very attractive.

AMERICANS LOVE PERSONALIZED GIFTS While you may find some personalized gift items in other countries, you will not seerepparttar 104222 same wide range of products that are found inrepparttar 104223 U.S. Why hasrepparttar 104224 personalized gift market thrived here at home?

It’s really pretty simple according to those who study consumers. Americans -- young and old alike -- love to see their names on a product because it makes them feel special and unique.

And, American consumers are always looking for products with a slightly different spin, and this, too, is accomplished by purchasing a personalized product.

Faith Popcorn, who studies and reports on nationwide trends, has coinedrepparttar 104225 word "egonomics" to describerepparttar 104226 personalized product phenomenon. Other trend forecasters agree thatrepparttar 104227 personalized gift industry is here to stay and will continue steady growth as more products are brought to market in response to consumer demand.

Nancy Wurtzel is the founder and owner of All About Baby, an ecommerce site located at http://www.allbaby.com. All About Baby specializes in personalized and memorable gifts for children as well as interesting and helpful child-related site content. Ms. Wurtzel has over 20 years of marketing and communications experience. She consults with small businesses seeking to enter the marketplace or grow their existing ecommerce business.


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