In order for muscles to grow, three things are required:1. Stimulus - exercise is needed to make muscles work, use energy and cause microscopic damage to fibers.
2. Nutrition - after intense exercise muscles need to replenish their stores of fuel.
3. Rest - it is during rest or recovery phase that muscles repair microscopic damage and grow.
Muscle size increases due to hypertrophic adaptation and an increase in cross section area of individual muscle fibers. Intensive exercise impacts more on strength influencing fast twitch type II fibers, therefore increase in muscle size is accompanied by greater strength.
This will deplete muscle's energy stores and cause microscopic damage to muscle tissue. During recovery, these stores of glycogen and phosphocreatine will replenish from carbohydrates and creatine ingested as food or supplements. Amino acids supplied in diet will trigger protein synthesis that repairs damaged muscle and lead to creation of bigger muscle fibers.