is... gearing. The same factor that gives
buy-to-let landlord his massive advantage in a rising property market is one of his worst enemies in a falling market. With housing markets across
world teetering on
brink of a chasm, now may very well be a good time to evaluate exactly what gearing means to
average buy to let landlord.What exactly is gearing? It's basically another word for leverage. Imagine you want to buy a $100,000 home. The bank or lender, if prudent, will want you to put some of your own money up - to share
risk. If you are buying your own home, they traditionally want you to stump up between 5 and 15% to show you are serious. If you are buying an 'investment' property, until fairly recently
lenders wanted you to cough up about 25% (many lenders have recently relaxed these criteria - they will undoubtedly be punished for it by
market later!).
On a $100,000 property, that would mean $25k - i.e. your leverage or gearing on
property would be x4 (the value of
property divided by
deposit). He has borrowed $75k and put down only a third of that. In a rising market, that means that for every $25,000
property rises in price, he effectively doubles his money! So
property only has to rise by a quarter, and he reaps a 100% growth in
actual cash put down to buy
property in
first place. Are rises of that size possible? Yes - many parts of
world have recently seen strings of years where prices rose at least 25% year on year.
So far so good, but what does your typical buy-to-let landlord do when presented with a $25k windfall? Yes, that's right. He re-mortgages property #1 and buys property #2 using
extra $25k he just 'made'. Wow. Free money! He can actually buy another $100,000 house with this 'new' deposit (it will be a smaller house, or in worse condition than
first one of course, because houses like #1 now cost $125k!).
Our landlord now 'owns' 2 properties, worth a total of $225,000 for
grand initial investment of $25,000 . That means his gearing is now x9. For every dollar his property rises, he makes a 'return' of $9 on his initial investment deposit. Our buy to let investor now only needs an 11% rise in property prices to effectively double his cash again. Let's imagine it happens.