Rules of noble succession by Jan-Olov von WowernLet me first say that
rules of noble succession, as they apply to a specific noble family, can normally not be changed. They are determined either by:
1)
rules of succession laid down in
letter patent which was given to
family member who was first ennobled (for patent nobility)
or
2)
rules of succession in use at
time and
place where
family was first recognised as noble (for original nobility)
It follows that in
case of patent nobility
rules of succession could only be changed by
conferring authority,
reigning Monarch or his or hers successors (if
constitution would allow for such changes).
In
case of
original nobility in my opinion
rules of succession cannot ever be changed, not even by a successor of
reigning Monarch who once recognised
family as noble, because
rules of succession were in most cases not at
Monarch's disposition to change. Hence, for all practical purposes and certainly for
study of genealogy, we may assume that noble families are bound by certain rules of succession that must be adhered to.
When we discuss succession, we should define whether we mean
succession to
nobility (that is, which family members in
next generation will inherit
name,
arms and
quality of continuing
family line), and
succession to
headship of a noble family. As implied by
title, in this article I will mainly discuss
succession of nobility in
general and collective sense.
Noble succession is either agnatic or cognatic. In my genealogy book "Find Your Noble Ancestors!", I have defined those terms as follows: "Agnatic succession: succession to
nobility ... continues only on
spear (male) side, from father to son." "Cognatic succession: in many countries this was
original form of succession among
ancient nobility, meaning
nobility ... continued on both
spear (male) and distaff (female) side in parallel lines".