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RFID mandates from Target, Wal-Mart, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) have many manufacturers and suppliers focused on RFID simply as a compliance tool, overlooking significant additional benefits of automatic identification technology.In fact, by design, RFID enables superior supply chain efficiency and inventory management, resulting in increased productivity and accountability, decreased shrinkage, and a more robust bottom line.
A packaging supplier who is knowledgeable about evolving RFID technology and applications is a valuable resource to help you maximize ROI with your RFID integration.
RFID systems are completely customizable with infinite combinations of hardware and software. Each system is comprised of a transponder, a reader and software. (Click here to read RFID: A Smart Tag Primer for a complete explanation of RFID technology.) In this article we compare several forms of RFID transponder and discuss possible applications of each.
RFID transponders are available in a variety of mediums, including:
- Smart tags - Chipless tags - Smart labels - Conductive ink - Traceless taggants
A smart tag is a microchip RFID transponder, which includes an integrated circuit (IC) and an antenna, encased in a protective coating. Smart tags most commonly contain a silicon-based IC and a copper coil antenna, although demand for less expensive tags has spurred development of organic alternatives and chipless tags.
Smart tags can be applied to pallets, cases or item-level units at any point in supply chain, or integrated into product packaging at point of production. They are readable through most materials (except liquid and metal) and many smart tag systems include anti-collision software, to enable multiple tags to be read simultaneously.
A basic smart tag offers a 96-bit EPC, which provides more than enough data storage capacity to track-and-trace items from point of manufacture to point of sale. Gen 2 tags offer a 256-bit EPC code, appropriate for specialized applications that require extensive data storage, such as prescription drug pedigree.
Smart tags can be applied either externally to product packaging or imbedded within package or case. They are unobtrusive and do not interfere with graphic design elements, making them an easy addition to most consumer goods packaging.
Smart tags can also be implanted in key chain fobs or rigid plastic cards. Automobile keyless entry and Mobil Speed Pass are two well-known examples.
A chipless tag is an RFID tag that transmits data via either a conductive polymer or a reflective material instead of an IC microchip. Conductive polymer tags operate same way as RFID smart tags do, differing only in component material.
Reflective tags return a radio wave image to a computer that compares it with identifying image on file for that item. A positive match means item is correctly identified. Tags with RF reflecting fibers can be woven into paper or fabric for specialized applications.
