People often see other people's decisions as
result of disposition but they see their own choices as rational! Investors frequently trade on information they believe to be superior and relevant, when in fact it is not and is fully discounted by market.
On one side of each speculative trade is a participant who believes he has superior information and on other side is another participant who believes his information is superior. Yet they can't both be right!
Speculation (a.k.a. gambling), is not investing, and in one form or another has been around forever!
Many researchers theorize that tendency to gamble and assume unnecessary risks is a basic human trait. Entertainment and ego appear to be some of motivations for people's tendency to speculate. People also tend to remember successes, but not their failures, thereby unjustifiably increasing their confidence.
"Psychographics" describe psychological characteristics of people and are particularly relevant to each individual investor's strategy and risk tolerance. An investors background and past experiences can play a significant role in decisions an individual makes during investment process.
For instance, women tend to be more risk averse than men and passive investors have typically became wealthy without much risk while active investors have typically become wealthy by earning it themselves.
The Bailard, Biehl & Kaiser Five-Way Model divides investors into five categories:
Adventurers:
They are risk takers and are particularly difficult to advise.
Celebrities:
They like to be where action is and make easy prey for "fast-talking brokers."
