Just what is Arbitrage Investment?By Gary Durkin © 2005
In simplest of terms, Arbitrage means to exploit price differential.
Usually it meant looking at differing sources of an investment, and if there was a price difference between Source A and Source B - then investor / dealer / broker / manager would buy from lower priced source, and sell on higher priced source.
Example:- The price of Stock ABC was $20 per share on Exchange XYZ The price of same Stock ABC on another Exchange 123 - was $15
The dealer would buy stock from Exchange 123 for $15 - then sell on Exchange XYZ for $20 - making $5 per share profit (minus costs).
Typically price differential was very small - and trading had to be extremely quick and liquid - otherwise markets could go against you in a very short time.
Ten years ago Arbitrage was more commonplace than it is today - for a number of reasons.
Nowadays, Arbitrage still exists, but either in limited formats and availability as direct arbitrage, or more commonly in Hedge Funds.
Hedge Funds can have Arbitrage as one of their investment methodologies / strategies - and you will find that many of past Arbitrage Managers have switched across to Hedge Funds.
Even after LTCM (Long Term Capital Management) scandal / fiasco a few years ago - Hedge Funds continue to grow, and today are biggest and fastest growing investment style in World.
This doesn't mean that Arbitrage is dead - as it can be part of Hedge Funds. There are still some direct / explicit Arbitrage Funds available in World.