How to Ensure Effective Color in Today’s Manufacturing Processes (And why it’s more Important Than Ever Today)Written by Shawn Mulligan
Scientists will describe color as quality of an object with respect to light. But, as any one of us knows, our human response to color is very emotional. When skillfully used by designers, color creates kind of harmonious balance and appeal that helps sell everything from personal care products to automobiles to wallcovering. Precisely because of this blend of science and emotion, color remains difficult to manage across entire manufacturing supply chain cycle. Much can happen to impact color from time a designer creates it until it is inspected on a factory floor. Multiple processes are required for successful color development throughout its long and complicated cycle. This paper covers technological advances in most significant areas of color development – color matching and color quality control – as well as how latest color communication system integrates these tools into an overall virtual color environment that benefits entire supply chain quite literally from mind to market.The way it was: a short history of managing color across industries and locations Describing color has always been a subjective and expensive process for all parties involved in production of color. Suppliers, particularly those separated by time zones and language barriers, experience most difficulty. In 1980s, manufacturers alleviated some of these difficulties by measuring physical standards with a spectrophotometer in one location and then distributing "color" of that standard to other locations with data from spectrophotometer –i.e., in form of spectral reflectance curves. A physical sample was still needed for visual reference, but approval of batches was “by numbers.” Yet challenges in communicating color remained. Regardless of how many numbers are assigned to a color, we don’t see in numbers. A verbal description doesn’t precisely help us visualize what another person means by “fire-engine red,” as color is both a physical and psychological response to light. When a paint pigment such as titanium oxide, for example, strongly scatters light, it yields a white effect. When another pigment absorbs certain wavelengths of light, it produces a colored effect. In addition to this physical phenomenon, each viewer brings a different response to same stimulus. These differences can be due to age, fatigue, color vision defects, gender, or experience. Consider how human factors impact color matching process in this typical scenario: designer struggles to communicate precisely color he or she has envisioned, using physical samples and describing how proof should vary from sample – i.e., warmer, brighter, bluer. The colorant supplier tries to match each sample, but still doesn’t satisfy design spec because sample is only a starting point. Not only is designer limited to feedback about sample in most subjective terms (e.g., by talking about it), but sample supplier was given to match may not be same substrate or pigment coloration as final product. And medium matters. Whether it’s opaque or transparent, matte or gloss finish, flat or round, plastic or paper, affects perception of finished color as surely as does other considerations. Embracing entire color cycle Simply put, color cycle is as complex as it is encompassing. To a designer, color speaks to aesthetics and identity. To a manufacturer, color is precise and tangible. Designers want flexibility and creativity while production needs an exact target and direction to deliver first-run quality. The latest advances in color technology utilize power of today’s best web-based solutions to address such diverse approaches to color and to capture its complexities in ways never before possible – completely, accurately, electronically. The new electronic medium that leading color developers have embraced provides a comprehensive and inclusive framework that affords everyone throughout supply chain opportunity to benefit from shortened time to market, costs reductions, and overall improvement in color quality. How? In general, new, web-based color communication system delivers correct color approval throughout a supply chain not by duplicating efforts, but rather by streamlining and enhancing color processes already in place. The specifics of how latest electronic color communication system optimally works is illustrated by following: 1.An OEM or component manufacturer selects a color standard and measures it on a spectrophotometer (color measuring instrument). 2.The color standard then appears as a digital image on computer monitor, which has been calibrated for color accuracy. 3.The standard is then electronically sent to supplier, where trial color samples are produced and measured on a spectrophotometer. 4.The supplier then electronically sends back its digital sample of best possible color match to manufacturer where it is compared to standard on calibrated monitor. If match is not accepted, more color matching is requested and is done by supplier and digital samples are sent until manufacturer approves color match. 5.The manufacturer then receives final lab sample, usually in less than half time of a “traditional” color matching trial and error process. Perhaps most powerful, inclusive aspect of new electronic environment is fact that color now can be communicated digitally and assessed visually. Receivers of a virtual color sample get more than a set of numbers – rather, receiver sees precisely color on screen that corresponds to colorimetric data. Similarly, visual tolerances can be evaluated and set realistically. Everyone, for example, can see how far a particular spectrophotometer reading – such as 1CMC unit - is from a particular color standard. How smart is your software? As mentioned, electronic color channel does not completely change traditional method of color control as much as it streamlines and enhances it. Toward that end, new system utilizes familiar tools such as most advanced color-measuring instruments (spectrophotometers) as well as latest color management software. Yet, in keeping with its overall goal of color process enhancement, most effective color communication system takes advantage of latest innovations among these color control devices and incorporates them within its wholly innovative virtual color environment.
| | Learn to play poker online in order to make money - Pot OddsWritten by Dean Harding
For most people, there are only two real reasons to play poker: fun and profit, which are sometimes interrelated (more profit means more fun). But in order to make money by playing poker online, you should always be gathering information about your opponents and, why not, about yourself. Asides that, another vital thing is ability to determine, use and understand pot odds, which is one of most underrated concepts for beginning online poker players. Pot odds are calculations used during a game of poker that put concept of risk and reward into numbers. In this article, we provide you with an explanation of pot odds in order to help you start using them in your game. Whenever you are in a hand and need to decide whether or not to call a bet, count how many cards that are still unseen that can come on turn and/or river that can help you. Then check number on chart below to get pot odds. For example, you have A5s with two more of your suit on flop. Therefore you have 9 outs to make nut flush. Your odds of hitting it on turn are 4.2 to 1 and to hit it on turn or river 1.9 to 1. If you are only concerned about hitting it on turn, pot must have at least 4.2 times amount you must place in pot to make this a profitable call. If you are playing no-limit holdem and a player has moved all-in, if there is at least 1.9 times amount you have to call in pot it is a correct call and will be profitable in long run. Pot odds are just a quick way of seeing if a bet will be profitable if you are in same situation thousands of times.
|