When fuel oil is sprayed as a fine mist in boiler burners, it is able to burn at a relatively slow rate. When fuel is sprayed into cylinders of diesel engines, fuel burns in such a rapid rate that explosions occur. Fortunately, these explosions are protected from persons as these engines are called internal combustion engines.

Whatever type of combustion, it is a chemical reaction between carbon, hydrogen, sulphur and oxygen.

C + O2 = CO2 2CO + O2 = 2CO 2H2 + O2 = 2H2O S + O2 = SO2 2S + 3O2 = 2SO3

Air consists of 77% Nitrogen and 23% Oxygen by mass. For a particular design of combustion air, theoritical oxygen multiplied by 100/23 will give theoritical air required.

How do you measure a good combustion. The percentage of Oxygen or Carbon Dioxide will tell us whether combustion is good or not good.

“There is a principle which is a bar against all information, which is proof against all arguments and which cannot fail to keep a man in everlasting ignorance – that principle is contempt prior to investigation. – Herbert Spencer”

Albert Einstein - "We are seeking for simplest possible scheme of thought that will bind together observed facts."

"If we do not expect unexpected, we will never find it." – Heraclitus

"Human beings, by changing inner attitudes of their minds, can change outer aspects of their lives." - William James

"I feel that if we could be serious for an hour and really fathom, delve into ourselves as much as we can, we should be able to release, not through any action of will, a certain sense of energy that is awake all time, which is beyond thought." – Jiddhu Krishnamurti, Madras, 1961

Heraclitus: "… conceded existence of an over-riding, all-encompassing unity, in which apparently contradictory opposites are all linked to one another, in a single, regular, cohesive system of balanced, harmonious measure and just order."