Revised and expanded here, this piece originated as an “oral essay” for
Cosmoetica Omniversica interview series on www.sursumcorda.com.More or less officially unveiled with
first New York appearance of
Ornette Coleman Quartet at
Five Spot Café in
fall of 1959, free jazz (or new black music, space music, new thing, anti-jazz or abstract jazz as it would variously be labeled), gave new dimension to
perennial "where's
melody?" complaint against jazz.
For most of
uninitiated, what
Coleman group presented on its opening night was in fact sheer cacophony.
Four musicians (a saxophonist, trumpeter, bassist and drummer) abruptly began to play—with an apoplectic intensity and at a bone-rattling volume—four simultaneous solos that had no perceptible shared references or point of departure. Even unto themselves
solos, to
extent that they could be isolated as such in
density of sound that was being produced, were without any fixed melodic or rhythmic structure. Consisting, by turns, of short, jagged bursts and long meandering lines unmindful of bar divisions and chorus measures they were, moreover, laced with squeaks, squeals, bleats and strident honks. A number ended and another began—or was it
same one again? How were you to tell? No. No way this madness could possibly have a method.
But umbilically connected to
emergent black cultural nationalism movement,
madness did indeed have a method. The avowed objective of
dramatic innovations that musicians like Ornette, Cecil Taylor—and, in their footsteps, Sunny Murray, Andrew Cyrille, Archie Shepp, Bill Dixon, Albert Ayler, Jimmy Lyons, Eric Dolphy and (the later period) John Coltrane, among hundreds of others—initiated and practiced from
late '50s into
early '70s, was to restore black music to its original identity as a medium of spiritual utility. When these men abandoned an adherence to chord progressions,
32-bar song form,
fixed beat and
soloist/accompanist format, and began to employ, among other things, simultaneous improvisations, fragmented tempos and voice-like timbres, they were very deliberately replacing, with ancient black methodologies, those Western concepts and systems that had, by their lights, worked to subvert and reduce black music in America to either a pop music or (for many of them no less a corruption of what black music was supposed to be) an art form.
Alan Silva, a one-time bassist with Cecil Taylor and then
leader of his own thirteen-piece orchestra, made
point in an interview I did with him for Rolling Stone.
"I don't want to make music that sounds nice," Silva told me. "I want to make music that opens
possibility of real spiritual communion between people. There's a flow coming from every individual, a continuous flow of energy coming from
subconscious level. The idea is to tap that energy through
medium of improvised sound. I do supply
band with notes, motifs and sounds to give it a lift-off point. I also direct
band, though not in any conventional way—like I might suddenly say 'CHORD!' But essentially I'm dealing with improvisation as
prime force, not
tune. The thing is, if you put thirteen musicians together and they all play at once, eventually a cohesion, an order, will be reached, and it will be on a transcendent plane."
(I commented in
interview that "Silva says his band wants to commune with
spirit world and you aren't sure that it doesn't. With thirteen musicians soloing at
same time, at extraordinary decibel levels, astonishingly rapid speeds and with complete emotional abandon for more than an hour,
band arrives not only at moments of excruciating beauty, but at sounds that rising in ecstatic rushes and waves and becoming almost visible in
mesmerizing intensity, weight and force of their vibrations, do for sure seem to be flushing weird, spectral things from
walls, from
ceiling, from your head.")
Of course not all of these musicians shared Silva's position entirely. Some saw
music as an intimidating political weapon in
battle for civil rights and exploited it as such. Others, like Taylor, did and quite emphatically, regard themselves as artists. For Taylor, a pianist and composer who took what he needed not just from Ellington and Monk, but from Stravinsky, Ives and Bartok, it wasn't about jettisoning Western influences on jazz, but about absorbing them into a specifically black esthetic.
For
most part, however, disparities among
younger musicians of
period amounted to dialects of
same language. All of them shared
"new black consciousness"—a new pride in being black—and their reconstruction of jazz, their purging of its Western elements, or their assertion of black authority over those elements, was, to one degree or another, intended to revive and reinstate
music's first purpose.