We had skull x-rays which imaged bony brain-case, but not brain itself. We had arteriograms which imaged insides of blood-vessels supplying brain. We had nuclear brain scans which imaged chunks of brain that were recently damaged. We had a particularly nasty test called a pneumoencephalogram (PEG) in which doctor squirted air through a spinal tap needle and encouraged it to bubble around and inside brain by turning patient every which-a-way—including upside-down—while x-ray pictures showed where air could and couldn't go. Finally, most accurate method was not a physical picture at all, but a mind's-eye picture within brain of an examining neurologist. Yet diagnoses still got made and patients did get treated.

CT scans revolutionized practice of neurology. It's not that other methods disappeared (well, yes, PEGs thankfully did disappear) but that CT scans vastly improved accuracy of diagnosis and treatment. Even when CT scans didn't show disease itself (e.g. multiple sclerosis or a fresh stroke) they assisted diagnostic process by proving absence of a brain tumor, abscess or hemorrhage that were also on list of diagnostic possibilities.

CT scans did (and still do) this by sending x-ray beams through head at various angles and collecting x-ray beams on opposite side that were not absorbed by head. Then magic occurs. A series of images appear on a computer monitor or on x-ray film as if head had been run through a giant salami-cutter and slices were laid out flat and in sequence.

On CT pictures different parts of head are displayed in various shades of gray according to how much they absorb x-rays. The skull-bone absorbs x-rays most and shows as whitest component. At other end of gray-scale, watery spaces in and around brain absorb x-rays least and show as blackest components. The brain itself is somewhere in between, showing up in mid-gray range. Abnormal components, like brain tumors and blood-collections, are identified not just by appearing in their own shades of gray, but also by their locations and shapes. Creating a second set of slices after patient receives an infusion of intravenous dye provides an additional dimension to imaging not unlike that provided by older, nuclear scans.

2) Always cleanse, tone and moisturize. Milky cleansers are best to use (eg. Marcelle Cleansing milk).

3) Never squeeze pimples, if you find that you're getting lots of them, forget about over counter products.....they won't work on you, they only work on people that get a zit once in a blue moon. Instead, get to a dermatologist as soon as possible and you're skin will be clear in no time. Trust me, I used to have severe acne, I saw a dermatologist, 4 months later my face was smooth as a baby's butt and it still is.

4) Apply a yellow-toned concealer under dark circles and anywhere you might see imperfections. Next, apply foundation with a sponge, blend smoothly and make sure it matches your skintone!!! So many girls now a days look like they're wearing masks and that's because they're not choosing right color for their skin.