A Brief History of TattooingWritten by David Z
Because historical and archaeological records of most forms of body art are incomplete, we still don't know where and where tattooing originated.Tattooed mummies provide earliest concrete evidence of tattoo, and these have been found in various parts of world, from Nubia to Peru. Probably t he most ancient tattooed man is "Iceman", a Bronze Age man uncovered after being frozen in a glacier on Tyrolean Alps since 3000 B.C. A tattooed band of stripes was found on his lower back, a simple cross on inside of his left knee and more stripes on his right ankle. There are many examples of tattooing in ancient Egypt, oldest found on mummy of Egyptian priestess of goddess Hathor at Thebes, Amunet, who lived approximately 4000 years ago, she was tattooed with parallel lines of dots. Because of her religious status, some archaeologists have speculated that her body art had spiritual or magical connotations. Others feel designs were of sexual nature. Some of most diverse, ornate, and bizarre body art was found in mysterious and complex world of Maya between 300 and 900 A.D. For Maya, body modification, whether temporary or permanent, were done for spiritual reasons as well as beautification. Full body tattoos or facial tattoos, were acquired by men and women. When Captain James Cook set sail in his Endeavor in 1769, he visited many islands of Pacific Ocean, most of which included tattooing as part of their culture. It's Cook who gave us "tattoo" word based on similar words in Polynesian cultures that were used to describe practice. On board Endeavor was Sir Joseph Banks. Along with cataloging many types of animal and plant life, Banks documented indigenous cultures at every stop along way. Included in these notes are many references to tattooing. When Banks returned to England in 1771, he disembarked with a permanent memento of his voyage: very fist tattoo on a modern Western man!
| | Clown Fears - How to Prevent Clowns from being ScaryWritten by Tom Raymond
No true clown wants to scare a child. However, some children can and do grow up with a Fear Of Clowns-- clinical name for this is coulraphobia. The question is, how can professional clowns prevent children from being scared?Before even discussing make-up, let's look at some basics. Remember when dealing with children, all adults are "giant-sized" from their perspective. When interacting with children, clowns (or other children's entertainers) need to come to their level physically. Get down on one knee, or sit on floor. Remember what it felt like to be that age. In a related note, never force a frightened child to come by clown. Parents will very often try to push an obviously frightened child to go by clown, often for a photograph. Something I try to do in this situation is to act frightened myself, greatly exaggerating my "fear" while explaining
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