Troubadours

Written by Robert Bruce Baird


Continued from page 1

Certain works said by him to belong to his oeuvre--they are listed inrepparttar opening verses to Cligés--have not survived; these include, especially, a romance entitled Du roi Marc et d'Iseut la Blonde. One ofrepparttar 147375 Ovidian poems given inrepparttar 147376 Cligés list appears as part of an early 14th-century compilation calledrepparttar 147377 Ovide moralisé.

Ofrepparttar 147378 above-mentioned titles two were left incomplete by Chrétien:repparttar 147379 Charrette was brought to a close by Godefroi de Leigni, under Chrétien's supervision (according to Godefroi);repparttar 147380 Graal was (almost certainly) interrupted byrepparttar 147381 poet's death.

Not only did each of our poet's works undergo copying throughoutrepparttar 147382 13th century (all eight manuscripts ofrepparttar 147383 Charrette were produced in that century), they were each subject to myriad reworkings, in verse and, especially, in prose. Perceval underwent a number of "continuations" and inspired many textual "spin-offs" beforerepparttar 147384 Grail story it told came to be incorporated intorepparttar 147385 vast Prose Lancelot (along withrepparttar 147386 Charrette, which constitutesrepparttar 147387 midpoint text of this great compilation). Post-World War II scholarship has demonstrated that Chrétien's oeuvre was fully integrated intorepparttar 147388 system of textual references and allusions underlying many important 13th-century texts--a series of "epigonal romances" (e.g., Fergus, Le Bel Inconnu) and a work likerepparttar 147389 Roman de la Rose (Guillaume de Lorris's Narcissus episode, as M.A. Freeman has shown, "re-reads/re-writes" Ovid through a process of refraction involving Chrétien's Blood Drops onrepparttar 147390 Snow scene in Perceval [Freeman 1976-77]). A romance composed as late as Froissart's 14th-century Méliador "revives" Chrétien de Troyes's Arthurian manner and matter, as P.F. Dembowski has demonstrated (1983).

Chrétien himself utilized a similar network of textual allusion in his own romances. Scholars interested in sources have for generations pointed to such "first-generation" romances asrepparttar 147391 romans antiques (Énéas, Troie, and Thèbes) and Wace's Brut and Rou, not to mentionrepparttar 147392 Tristan corpus (especially Thomas), as constituting a kind of quarry from which Chrétien extracted materials which he utilized in his own constructions. Chrétien's bookish learning--he was clearly a clerc fully trained inrepparttar 147393 arts curriculum of his day--is evident in his love of such figures of ornamentation as adnominatio, rich rhyme, and chiasmus, and, as well, inrepparttar 147394 particularly fertile manner in which he refractedrepparttar 147395 Arthurian materials he borrowed from Geoffrey of Monmouth and Wace throughrepparttar 147396 lens of such works of late Antiquity as Martianus Capella's De Nuptiis Mercurii et Philologiae (in Érec et Énide) orrepparttar 147397 writings of Macrobius. As he states inrepparttar 147398 Prologue to Érec et Énide, he--and he proudly names himself--and his work must be distinguished fromrepparttar 147399 fragmented and vulgar tales hawked before kings and counts by uneducated minstrels.” (6)



Author of Diverse Druids Columnist for The ES Press Magazzine Guest 'expert' at World-Mysteries.com


Dice Control: Myth or More?

Written by GameTime


Continued from page 1

Dice control does not require blind faith to see that it is more than a myth. In order to learn how to control dice, one must posses an open mind. If dice control is more than a myth your growing bankroll with be a sign. Remember, just because you can not do something doesn’t mean that it can not be done. Very few humans can pitch a baseball 90+ miles per hour, so always believe thatrepparttar difficult or “impossible” is possible. That fact that baseball players can dorepparttar 147336 impossible surely means that it is possible to throw two little dice with control.

Givenrepparttar 147337 facts that have been presented here, it is clear that dice control is much more than just a myth. There are many opinions onrepparttar 147338 issue. They range fromrepparttar 147339 absurd torepparttar 147340 outlandish. I encourage all readers to gain as much knowledge as possible before passing judgment on this most interesting topic.

GameTime has been gaming successfully for over seven years and is up thousands of dollars on the casinos. He has spent many hours building an online library of his acquired knowledge. It can be found at www.knowyourcasino.com. Learn to play…play to win.


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