It can also be argued that printing changed way Europeans thought. With older illuminated manuscripts, emphasis was on images and beauty of page. Early printed works emphasized principally text and line of argument. In sciences, introduction of printing press marked a move from medieval language of metaphors to adoption of scientific method.

In general, knowledge came closer to hands of people, since printed books could be sold for a fraction of cost of illuminated manuscripts. There were also more copies of each book available, so that more people could discuss them. Within 50-60 years, entire library of "classical" knowledge had been printed on new presses. The spread of works also led to creation of copies by other parties than original author, leading to formulation of copyright laws. Furthermore, as books spread into hands of people, Latin was gradually replaced by national languages. This development was one of keys to creation of modern nations.

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e)Persistence pays off. Persistence slowly but surely helps develop competencies required for quality output. Failure is a learning activity. Ridley Scott didn’t achieve financial success with Blade Runner but went on to make some very successful movies.

These and other topics are covered in depth in MBA dissertation on Managing Creativity & Innovation, which can be purchased (along with a Creativity and Innovation DIY Audit, Good Idea Generator Software and Power Point Presentation) from http://www.managing-creativity.com

Kal Bishop, MBA

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