As we all know, our bodies are governed by genes which control just about everything about our body. Be it our physical appearance or resistance to diseases or intelligence (much debated) or inner functioning, every damn thing is controlled by our genes. It is said that if we can control genes we can control course of evolution. It is like riding car of evolution, human species being driver, passenger being earth and genes as its steering wheel.

It has been scientifically proven that every cell in our body has a type of biological clock called telomere. This clock tells cell when to stop dividing. If a cell is unable to reproduce then new cells are not born, hence our body dies. This is called ageing. The scientists today are trying to edit genes thus instructing cells to make longer telomere or altogether abandon concept of telomere which can result in indefinite life span. If scientists are ever able to achieve this then it could bring a revolution. Then we’ll be able to keep body deteriorating effects of age at a bay and enjoy full energetic life of youth at age of 100. But even then, job would be half done.

The next front of battle would be ‘Diseases’. Even if we’re able to live up to 100 or more then what will keep our body protected from all those silly disease causing agents? The current method of medication will become useless very soon as more and more virus, bacteria, etc. are developing immunity against our body mechanism and medicines. The fact that these agents mutate very rapidly makes them survive longer and longer. But humans have not changed at all. We are not able to mutate/change naturally as rapidly as these agents. So, it proves to be a disadvantage to us.

One way to get over this issue is to change our genes artificially. As a positive note complete human genome has been mapped and now it is duty of genetic engineers to make use of it and find a way to develop a fool-proof mechanism against these agents. Once we do this we can have very own personalized medicines or would be requiring no medicines at all. The personalized medicines will work in coordination with our immunity system. It would change immunity system to make it capable of immunizing us to all new pathogens which our body does not know of. Then slowly, according to survival of fittest, all pathogens will be wiped out of existence.

The infinite life span raises many ethical questions. Also, genetic engineering has raised moral/ethical issues world wide. But it is for socialists and politicians to sort out these issues. Scientists only know one way, which is future. No matter how hard these politicians try to prevent them from achieving this but one day or other they will achieve this. And then we will live indefinitely and who knows this breakthrough might happen within our lifetime. And after that, we see Indian soccer team win FIFA world cup in 2147 AD.

Paras Chopra was born in Patiala, Punjab, India on 3rd June 1987. His interests lie in subjects ranging from Nanotechnology to Biotechnology to Artificial Intelligence. His goal in life is to achieve immortality.

We covered how ancients used spalling to get ores from rock in this book. Spalling would likely have lead to smelting due to different metals being present in ores these people were after. We also know that certain very hard woods produce high heats and when fires are used in caves or cenotes open to prevailing winds it produces a bellows effect. Here is a little about one metal that when present in an ore reduces melting point of gold to approximately half of its normal melting point of 1064 degrees Celsius. “There is a 22 ct yellow gold solder with a very low melting point. {We know that Greek gold used cadmium to affect lower melting point.} This has composition 92.5 % gold - 6.0% germanium -1.5% silicon and is based on ternary eutectic system. The soldering temperature is 425-450°C and although joints are initially whitish in colour they can be heat treated for 2 hours at 285°C to give a good colour match to yellow gold.” (13) REQUIRED ANALYSIS: 1. How were artifacts made? How were symbols of minute and microscopic nature put on and into artifacts? POSSIBILITIES: a) Harmonic drills b) Diamond drills (seems unlikely due to small size) c) Shamanic attunement causing lattices of matter to reflect specific designs akin to what one might see in Crop Circle formation. 2. Is there a development of technology over time which is demonstrated? a) Is this technology mirrored in Iowa and which one is earliest? b) What other regions of world might have similar artifacts or designs including Cretan bull we see. Will there be knowledge on Luwian script found at 2200 feet below Gulf of Mexico to tie these things together with Carolina Bays event in 8350 BCE? 3. What was purpose of artisans or shamans? Is Orisha or Yoruba possession by demons a real thing or is it a sorcerer and his psychic possession that is involved? How many witnesses to a ritual are affected and can one shaman possess many people simultaneously? a) My personal experiences with exorcisms and possessions as well as work of Robert Bruce and others who might be asked to attune to artifacts in ritual. b) Could minute symbols include information that can be tapped through harmonics? ACTION PLAN: 1. Contact and begin process of informing experts in anthropology, archaeology, chemistry (bonding and lattices or Materials Scientists like Robins and Tiller) psychology and physics about possibilities these artifacts may portend. 2. Select one institution or expert to make an appraisal of work done in my book that addresses ‘who’ and ‘when’ in general terms. Maybe this person or institution will eventually seek to be dig team managers and owners of site. Could mining companies and investment firms be interested if government funded institutions find it ‘too political’? 3. Try to get a ball park on date of electrum for purposes of focusing our efforts. 4. Get archaeological ball park on lithics if possible. If we are dealing with huge time frames due to electrum being smelted (uncertain at present) then we will have a lot more research to do on ‘who’ or what culture(s) were involved. 5. Consider auction houses and media at junctures which might move process along.