And while anti-virus software like Symantec's Norton Anti- Virus or McAfee's ViruScan can offer some protection, one of best ways to combat spyware is with anti-spy software. Two of best are Lavasoft's Ad-aware and Spybot's Search & Destroy, which are available as free downloads.

http://www.lavasoft.de/

http://www.safer-networking.org/en/index.html

The free version of Ad-aware does not proactively protect against spyware infestation. You have to start Ad-aware application and initiate a scan to detect spyware. But paid version, Ad-aware Plus does remain alert in background, like Spybot, to deflect any attempts at infestation. In recent tests, Ad-aware Plus and Spybot both protected systems extremely well.

If you haven't already done so, I highly recommend installing Microsoft's Service Pack 2. SP2 tightens your PC's security with a new Windows Firewall, an improved Automatic Updates feature, and a pop-up ad blocker for Internet Explorer. Plus, newly minted Security Center gives you one easy-to-use interface for keeping tabs on your PC's security apps.

There are also other steps you can take to protect against spyware. One simple step is to switch from Microsoft's browsers, which have security holes for spyware programs to exploit. A good alternative is Mozilla Firefox. Another not- so-simple step is switching to Mac or Linux operating systems, which don't have spyware problems.

Dean Phillips is an Internet marketing expert, writer, publisher and entrepreneur. Questions? Comments? Dean can be reached at mailto: dean@lets-make-money.net

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As I described in Part 1 of this article, operating system doesn't interface directly to a hardware device. There is a piece of software called a "driver" that translates hardware's control signals to signals that operating system expects, and translates signals from operating system to hardware's control signals. Obviously, hardware manufacturer provides driver.

Because driver works between operating system and hardware, a bug in driver can cause a serious problem. Many of problems with Windows have come from bugs in third-party drivers that Microsoft had nothing to do with. For this reason, Microsoft created a Hardware Quality Lab to test drivers. A hardware manufacturer can submit their driver for testing, and if it is passes rigorous compatibility testing, it receives Microsoft's digital signature.

You may have received a message during installation of a hardware device warning that driver was not signed. Why would a hardware manufacturer fail to have their driver certified by Microsoft? The computer hardware market is very competitive and manufacturer might want to bring a new product to market before thorough testing can be completed. Or maybe they don't want to or can't afford to pay Microsoft for certification. The question is, should you click on "Continue" button to install unsigned driver?

In my experience, I have never been able to trace a problem to an unsigned driver. If it's your home computer and you performed a back-up recently, go ahead and install unsigned driver. If it's a computer on a corporate network, you may want to back-out of installation and see if you can locate a signed driver first. Many times a manufacturer will release a product with an unsigned driver, then later provide a signed driver as a free download from their website.

If you decide to go ahead and install an unsigned driver, you can always update driver later. If your computer works with unsigned driver, I would not update driver. When it comes to updating drivers (or computers BIOS) I go by old saying, "if it ain't broke don't fix it".

To update a driver, select Start | Settings | Control Panel and double-click on "System Properties" Utility. In "System Properties" Utility, select "Hardware" tab and click on "Device Manager" button. In "Device Manager" window, right-click on device in list and select "Properties" in popup menu. In "Properties" dialog box, select driver tab and click on "Update Driver..." button.

In "Properties" dialog box driver tab, you may have noticed "Roll Back Driver" button. If your computer has problems with new drive, you can click on "Roll Back Driver" button to roll back to previous driver. Driver roll back saves only one previous driver, so if you update a driver, then update it again, original driver is gone. If computer has problems with new driver, always roll back to original driver before trying a different one. That way you'll always have original driver to roll back to.

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