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By rearranging
locations of
stimulating and recording electrodes,
physician can separately measure conduction in
motor and sensory fibers even when they are intermixed in
same nerve-bundle.
Nerve conduction studies can help diagnose pinched, damaged or under-functioning nerves. One pattern of nerve impairment is called "mononeuropathy," a term meaning "one sick nerve." It involves dysfunction that is restricted to just a single location in a single nerve-bundle.
Carpal tunnel syndrome, in which
median nerve is pinched within
wrist, is
most common mononeuropathy in
arm, and can produce numbness, weakness or pain in
hand. Nerve conduction studies are exquisitely sensitive in detecting this condition. Another mononeuropathy in
arm involves
ulnar nerve at
portion of
elbow often called
"crazy bone."
Nerve conduction studies can also help diagnose mononeuropathies in
legs. One such condition, in which
peroneal nerve is impaired near
knee, can cause a foot-drop. Another condition, involving
tibial nerve at
ankle, is called a tarsal tunnel syndrome, and is analogous to
carpal tunnel syndrome of
arm.
The other main pattern of nerve impairment is called "polyneuropathy," a term meaning "many sick nerves." In polyneuropathy there is a more widespread pattern of dysfunction instead of just at single locations. This can be seen in people with diabetes, excessive alcohol consumption and a number of other medical conditions. Nerve conduction studies are adept at identifying this category of nerve impairment as well.
As is
case with every other medical test, nerve conduction studies are not perfect. The diagnosing physician considers
strengths and weaknesses of this form of testing along with other clinical information in order to arrive at an accurate diagnosis.
(C) 2005 by Gary Cordingley

Gary Cordingley, MD, PhD, is a clinical neurologist, teacher and researcher. For more health-related articles see his website at: http://www.cordingleyneurology.com