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By rearranging locations of stimulating and recording electrodes, physician can separately measure conduction in motor and sensory fibers even when they are intermixed in same nerve-bundle.
Nerve conduction studies can help diagnose pinched, damaged or under-functioning nerves. One pattern of nerve impairment is called "mononeuropathy," a term meaning "one sick nerve." It involves dysfunction that is restricted to just a single location in a single nerve-bundle.
Carpal tunnel syndrome, in which median nerve is pinched within wrist, is most common mononeuropathy in arm, and can produce numbness, weakness or pain in hand. Nerve conduction studies are exquisitely sensitive in detecting this condition. Another mononeuropathy in arm involves ulnar nerve at portion of elbow often called "crazy bone."
Nerve conduction studies can also help diagnose mononeuropathies in legs. One such condition, in which peroneal nerve is impaired near knee, can cause a foot-drop. Another condition, involving tibial nerve at ankle, is called a tarsal tunnel syndrome, and is analogous to carpal tunnel syndrome of arm.
The other main pattern of nerve impairment is called "polyneuropathy," a term meaning "many sick nerves." In polyneuropathy there is a more widespread pattern of dysfunction instead of just at single locations. This can be seen in people with diabetes, excessive alcohol consumption and a number of other medical conditions. Nerve conduction studies are adept at identifying this category of nerve impairment as well.
As is case with every other medical test, nerve conduction studies are not perfect. The diagnosing physician considers strengths and weaknesses of this form of testing along with other clinical information in order to arrive at an accurate diagnosis.
(C) 2005 by Gary Cordingley
Gary Cordingley, MD, PhD, is a clinical neurologist, teacher and researcher. For more health-related articles see his website at: http://www.cordingleyneurology.com