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14. The Rockford Short Sale: An investment firm buys shares and takes physical delivery of stock certificates. They replace real share certificates with counterfeit share certificates. Next they sell real shares back into Market and repeat process. This practice does wonders for their balance sheet. The tactic was popularized in Rockford TV Series. It's been done in Asia with NYSE shares.
15. The Tax Haven Bank Short Sale: Small (usually Caribbean) banks act as agents for their clients unwilling to reveal their identity. The client wants to buy stock. The bank doesn't buy stock on behalf of client. They simply show sale within bank's accounting system. This practice extends to gold etc.
16. The Lost Certificate Short Sale: Client requests share certificate. Broker sends it certified to slightly wrong address. It's returned to broker. Using certified receipt broker claims client has share certificate. A year is spent in proving it never arrived. Meanwhile broker has share certificate and can use it to cover other short sales. This happened to me in Vancouver.
17. The Margined Short Sale: Buyer buys stock on margin. They can't take physical delivery of their share certificates. The broker sells margined account non-existent stock (a short sale).
18. The Takeover Short Sale: Brokers add non-existent stock into a takeover with stock transaction. The buyer pays for non-existent shares. The short seller gets cash or stock in buyers company.
19. The Attrition Short Sale: For OTC stocks about 3% of beneficial owners of stock disappear each year. They die, forget they own stock, etc. Brokers can safely sell short 3% of float each year relying on fact that beneficial owners will never claim their stock.
20. Counterfeit Stock: Professionals regularly send counterfeit share certificates to Transfer Agents. A surprising percentage are accepted as real share certificates. The result is professional effectively has sold short shares involved in certificate.
21. Issue Depository Receipts without holding stock and sell Depository Receipts.
22. The Warrant or Option Short Sale. Buyer holds right to exercise warrants or options, but doesn't do so. Instead, they sell short stock and use options or warrants as insurance. This was popular among VSE underwriters in 1980s-1990s
23. Reg S Short Sale. Same format as Warrant or Option Short sale, but using cheap Reg S stock. The short seller is exposed for one year.
24. The Lending Short Sale. This was used by guy who introduced me to business. You offer to lend 90% of face value of stock to borrower for a long period of time. Your interest rate is better than that of a bank. You take in stock and sell it. You lend 90% of proceeds from sale. You are now short stock. You collect your interest payments until borrower defaults on loan.
To contact author: Visit Beowulf Investments website: [http://home.earthlink.net/~beowulfinvestments/] Or, visit Global Village Investment Club Website: [http://home.earthlink.net/~beowulfinvestments/globalvillageinvestmentclubwelcome/]
He has been the Managing Director of Beowulf Investments [http://home.earthlink.net/~beowulfinvestments/] since 1981 and is the Executive Director of the Global Village Investment Club [http://home.earthlink.net/~beowulfinvestments/globalvillageinvestmentclubwelcome/]