How to Throw a Baby Shower on a Budget

Written by Jill Manty


Continued from page 1

Believe it or not, even if you don't consider yourself a baker, there are several alternatives to expensive bakery cakes. Cupcakes are very easy, and sugar or plastic decorations in baby themes are fairly easy to find. You can also use frosting to "glue" small plastic baby decorations torepparttar tops of Little Debbie snack cakes. These are precious, and they look like you spent a lot of time. Another option is to skiprepparttar 147419 traditional decorated cake, altogether, and go for individual cheesecakes (easy to make in muffin tins) or a delicious chocolate cake (make sure thatrepparttar 147420 mom-to-be isn't avoiding chocolate first). Cookies can make a great sweet treat also, and there are some really cute cookie cutters readily available. Finally, if you think you can make and frost a rectangular cake but are concerned about trying to do fancy decorations, you can find edible cake art images online. These are easy to apply torepparttar 147421 top ofrepparttar 147422 cake, and they arerepparttar 147423 same images used by bakeries.

Many ofrepparttar 147424 games and activities for a baby shower are free. There are printouts available online if you want to play games like bingo. While party favors are a nice touch for a shower, they certainly are not necessary. A personal thank you, in person or written, is all that is necessary to thankrepparttar 147425 guests for attending.

Throwing a baby shower is a wonderfully generous thing to do. It does not, however, have to breakrepparttar 147426 bank. Remember,repparttar 147427 most important thing when hosting a shower is to create wonderful memories for your friend. Years from now she will rememberrepparttar 147428 laughter andrepparttar 147429 thoughtfulness of her friends more than she will remember fancy favors or expensive cakes.

Jill Manty is a stay at home and co-owner of www.delightfulchild.com, an online business dedicated to providing information about baby showers, breastfeeding, and natural parenting.


Troubadours

Written by Robert Bruce Baird


Continued from page 1

Certain works said by him to belong to his oeuvre--they are listed inrepparttar opening verses to Cligés--have not survived; these include, especially, a romance entitled Du roi Marc et d'Iseut la Blonde. One ofrepparttar 147375 Ovidian poems given inrepparttar 147376 Cligés list appears as part of an early 14th-century compilation calledrepparttar 147377 Ovide moralisé.

Ofrepparttar 147378 above-mentioned titles two were left incomplete by Chrétien:repparttar 147379 Charrette was brought to a close by Godefroi de Leigni, under Chrétien's supervision (according to Godefroi);repparttar 147380 Graal was (almost certainly) interrupted byrepparttar 147381 poet's death.

Not only did each of our poet's works undergo copying throughoutrepparttar 147382 13th century (all eight manuscripts ofrepparttar 147383 Charrette were produced in that century), they were each subject to myriad reworkings, in verse and, especially, in prose. Perceval underwent a number of "continuations" and inspired many textual "spin-offs" beforerepparttar 147384 Grail story it told came to be incorporated intorepparttar 147385 vast Prose Lancelot (along withrepparttar 147386 Charrette, which constitutesrepparttar 147387 midpoint text of this great compilation). Post-World War II scholarship has demonstrated that Chrétien's oeuvre was fully integrated intorepparttar 147388 system of textual references and allusions underlying many important 13th-century texts--a series of "epigonal romances" (e.g., Fergus, Le Bel Inconnu) and a work likerepparttar 147389 Roman de la Rose (Guillaume de Lorris's Narcissus episode, as M.A. Freeman has shown, "re-reads/re-writes" Ovid through a process of refraction involving Chrétien's Blood Drops onrepparttar 147390 Snow scene in Perceval [Freeman 1976-77]). A romance composed as late as Froissart's 14th-century Méliador "revives" Chrétien de Troyes's Arthurian manner and matter, as P.F. Dembowski has demonstrated (1983).

Chrétien himself utilized a similar network of textual allusion in his own romances. Scholars interested in sources have for generations pointed to such "first-generation" romances asrepparttar 147391 romans antiques (Énéas, Troie, and Thèbes) and Wace's Brut and Rou, not to mentionrepparttar 147392 Tristan corpus (especially Thomas), as constituting a kind of quarry from which Chrétien extracted materials which he utilized in his own constructions. Chrétien's bookish learning--he was clearly a clerc fully trained inrepparttar 147393 arts curriculum of his day--is evident in his love of such figures of ornamentation as adnominatio, rich rhyme, and chiasmus, and, as well, inrepparttar 147394 particularly fertile manner in which he refractedrepparttar 147395 Arthurian materials he borrowed from Geoffrey of Monmouth and Wace throughrepparttar 147396 lens of such works of late Antiquity as Martianus Capella's De Nuptiis Mercurii et Philologiae (in Érec et Énide) orrepparttar 147397 writings of Macrobius. As he states inrepparttar 147398 Prologue to Érec et Énide, he--and he proudly names himself--and his work must be distinguished fromrepparttar 147399 fragmented and vulgar tales hawked before kings and counts by uneducated minstrels.” (6)



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