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Sturdy ladder construction
Make sure ladder in well constructed and is firmly attached and bolted to bed frame. Test it out with your own weight - if it moves around it is not safe.
Sturdy mattress support
A lot of injuries are caused by children in lower bunks pushing up on underside of top bunk and dislodging mattress or support frame. Ensure top bunk has sturdy mattress supports that are secured to bed frame with bolts or screws. You don't want a floating board support system, as these will move around and can possibly fall through opening.
Repair and maintenance
Immediately replace or repair any loose or missing fasteners on bed. Periodically check tightness of fasteners holding bed together, as well as cross support rails holding upper mattress.
Safe use
Teach your children not to push up on underside of bed, or to climb on it like a jungle gym. Proper safety is important at all times, and you may wish to also use a night light near ladder so children can see ladder steps in dark.
If you follow these basic tips then you should get years of safe enjoyment out of your new bunk bed. For more bunk bed resources and tips you can visit http://www.loft-beds-bunk-beds.com/bunk-beds.htm
S.A. Smith is a freelance writer, contributor, and editor of the Loft Beds Bunk Beds resource site, and can be reached at http://www.loft-beds-bunk-beds.com