Electronic Disconnects! – Which way are YOU leaning?

Written by Ib Hagsten, Ph.D., CAC, Dpl. ACAN


Continued from page 1

The microchip is only a 30-year-old technology, yet todayrepparttar chip doubles in capacity every 18 months (atrepparttar 133586 same or lower price level). When Henry Ford developedrepparttar 133587 automobile enginerepparttar 133588 US population went from horse and buggy to 90% of households having a car in only 30 short years.

No, I don’t have to be onrepparttar 133589 net. However, if I don’t get there soon I will probably berepparttar 133590 only “caveman” left who is not working from home, buying from home, being educated in my home, communicating electronically all overrepparttar 133591 globe, and livingrepparttar 133592 “web-lifestyle.”

My wife’s aunt at 92 asked me if she “could mangerepparttar 133593 rest of her days without a computer.” I assured her she would be fine. What I did not know then isrepparttar 133594 fact that next week she will celebrate her 99th birthday and continue to be mentally alert, inquisitive, yet not able to walk. Maybe I did her a dis-favor by seeing onlyrepparttar 133595 present, and not focusing onrepparttar 133596 future and what could have been … had I had some vision and foresight.

In summary,repparttar 133597 “webolution” is here to stay, to increase in speed, and to invade our lives. Are we going to have an open mind, and an inquisitive mind.

Dr. Hagsten is an international management consultant, who specializes in people motivation, technology adaptation, public speaking, and writing. He lives in the Kansas City area of USA and has travelled to 31 countries.


Turing Machines and Universes

Written by Sam Vaknin


Continued from page 1

This is whererepparttar first of two major difficulties arose:

To determine what will happen in a specific experiment involving a specific particle and experimental setting – an observation must be made. This means that, inrepparttar 133585 absence of an observing and measuring human, flanked by allrepparttar 133586 necessary measurement instrumentation –repparttar 133587 outcome ofrepparttar 133588 wavefunction cannot be settled. It just continues to evolve in time, describing a dizzyingly growing repertoire of options. Only a measurement (=the involvement of a human or, at least, a measuring device which can be read by a human) reducesrepparttar 133589 wavefunction to a single solution, collapses it.

A wavefunction is a function. Its REAL result (the selection in reality of one of its values) is determined by a human, equipped with an apparatus. Is it recursive (TM computable and compatible)? In a way, it is. Its values can be effectively and mechanically computed. The value selected by measurement (thus terminatingrepparttar 133590 propagation ofrepparttar 133591 function and its evolution in time by zeroing itsrepparttar 133592 other terms, barrepparttar 133593 one selected) is one ofrepparttar 133594 values which can be determined by an effective-mechanical method. So, how should we treatrepparttar 133595 measurement? No interpretation of quantum mechanics gives us a satisfactory answer. It seems that a probabilistic automaton which will deal with semi recursive functions will tacklerepparttar 133596 wavefunction without any discernible difficulties – but a new element must be introduced to account forrepparttar 133597 measurement andrepparttar 133598 resulting collapse. Perhaps a "boundary" or a "catastrophic" automaton will dorepparttar 133599 trick.

The view thatrepparttar 133600 quantum process is computable seems to be further supported byrepparttar 133601 mathematical techniques which were developed to deal withrepparttar 133602 application ofrepparttar 133603 Schrodinger equation to a multi-electron system (atoms more complex than hydrogen and helium). The Hartree-Fok method assumes that electrons move independent of each other and ofrepparttar 133604 nucleus. They are allowed to interact only throughrepparttar 133605 average electrical field (which isrepparttar 133606 charge ofrepparttar 133607 nucleus andrepparttar 133608 charge distribution ofrepparttar 133609 other electrons). Each electron has its own wavefunction (known as: "orbital") – which is a rendition ofrepparttar 133610 Pauli Exclusion Principle.

The problem starts withrepparttar 133611 fact thatrepparttar 133612 electric field is unknown. It depends onrepparttar 133613 charge distribution ofrepparttar 133614 electrons which, in turn, can be learnt fromrepparttar 133615 wavefunctions. Butrepparttar 133616 solutions ofrepparttar 133617 wavefunctions require a proper knowledge ofrepparttar 133618 field itself!

Thus,repparttar 133619 SE is solved by successive approximations. First, a field is guessed,repparttar 133620 wavefunctions are calculated,repparttar 133621 charge distribution is derived and fed intorepparttar 133622 same equation in an ITERATIVE process to yield a better approximation ofrepparttar 133623 field. This process is repeated untilrepparttar 133624 final charge andrepparttar 133625 electrical field distribution agree withrepparttar 133626 input torepparttar 133627 SE.

Recursion and iteration are close cousins. The Hartree-Fok method demonstratesrepparttar 133628 recursive nature ofrepparttar 133629 functions involved. We can sayrepparttar 133630 SE is a partial differential equation which is solvable (asymptotically) by iterations which can be run on a computer. Whatever computers can do – TMs can do. Therefore,repparttar 133631 Hartree-Fok method is effective and mechanical. There is no reason, in principle, why a Quantum Turing Machine could not be constructed to solve SEs orrepparttar 133632 resulting wavefunctions. Its special nature will set it apart from a classical TM: it will be a probabilistic automaton with catastrophic behaviour or very strong boundary conditions (akin, perhaps, torepparttar 133633 mathematics of phase transitions).

Classical TMs (CTMs, Turing called them Logical Computing Machines) are macroscopic, Quantum TMs (QTMs) will be microscopic. Perhaps, while CTMs will deal exclusively with recursive functions (effective or mechanical methods of calculation) – QTMs could deal with half-effective, semi-recursive, probabilistic, catastrophic and other methods of calculations (other types of functions).

The third level isrepparttar 133634 Universe itself, where allrepparttar 133635 functions have their values. Fromrepparttar 133636 point of view ofrepparttar 133637 Universe (the equivalent of an infinite TM), allrepparttar 133638 functions are recursive, for all of them there are effective-mechanical methods of solution. The Universe isrepparttar 133639 domain or set of allrepparttar 133640 values of allrepparttar 133641 functions and its very existence guarantees that there are effective and mechanical methods to solve them all. No decision problem can exist on this scale (or all decision problems are positively solved). The Universe is made up only of proven, provable propositions and of theorems. This is a reminder of our finiteness and to say otherwise would, surely, be intellectual vanity.



Sam Vaknin is the author of Malignant Self Love - Narcissism Revisited and After the Rain - How the West Lost the East. He is a columnist for Central Europe Review, United Press International (UPI) and eBookWeb and the editor of mental health and Central East Europe categories in The Open Directory, Suite101 and searcheurope.com.

Visit Sam's Web site at http://samvak.tripod.com




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