Depending on reasons for hair loss, there are different methods to attempt to treat this condition; however, it is important to first recognize cause of hair loss in order to discern which type of treatment to use, if any. For example, if cause of hair loss is a disease, or treatment for a disease, like in case of using chemotherapy to treat cancer, then a treatment may not aid in prevention of hair loss. Yet, if cause of hair loss is from stress, then attempts may be made to prevent stress and treatment products may be used to repair already damaged hair.

Overall, hair loss, no matter what cause, is a difficult matter to confront. Knowing cause of hair loss, however, may contribute to prevention/treatment of hair loss. Individuals may not have control over why they are losing hair – from heredity to aging – yet they may find necessary means to attempt to treat damaged hair. The multiple factors contributing to hair loss make task of undertaking treatment of hair loss difficult, but not impossible. Even in most extreme cases, there is usually a solution for cause.

The etiology of type II diabetes mellitus (non-insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM) is even less clearly understood. Two factors have been identified:

a) Impaired insulin release-basal secretion of insulin is often normal, but rapid release of insulin follows a meal is greatly impaired, resulting in failure of normal handling of a carbohydrate load. In most patients, some level of insulin secretion is maintained, so that abnormality of glucose metabolism is limited and ketoacidosis is uncommon. In these patients, insulin secretion can be stimulated by drugs such as sulfonylureas. Exogenous insulin is therefore not essential in treatment. It also have been suggested that inheritance of a defective pattern of insulin secretion is responsible for familial tendency of diabetes. The genetic factor is very strong in type II diabetes, with a history of diabetes present in about 50% of first degree relatives.

b) Insulin resistance-a defect in tissue response to insulin is believed to play a major role. This phenomenon is called insulin resistance and is caused by defective insulin receptors on target cells. Insulin resistance occurs in association with obesity and pregnancy. In normal individuals who become obese or pregnant, B cells secrete increased amounts of insulin to compensate. Patients who have genetic susceptibility to diabetes cannot compensate because of their inherent defect in insulin secretion. Thus, type II diabetes is frequently precipitated by obesity and pregnancy. In a few patients with extreme insulin resistance, antibodies against receptors have been demonstrated in plasma. These antibodies are mostly of IgG class and act against insulin receptors, causing decreased numbers of insulin receptors and defective binding of insulin to receptors.

Other specific types of diabetes mellitus includes maturity-onset diabetes of young (MODY), diabetes due to mutant insulin, diabetes due to mutant insulin receptors, diabetes mellitus associated with a mutation of mitochondrial DNA and obese type 2 patients.

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